Who may plays the major role of UFOs

( Study of "SKY BEASTS, NOT SPACE CRAFT - UNMASKING THE UFOS?" http://karlshuker.blogspot.com/2011/12/sky-beasts-not-space-craft-unmasking.html )

What I am mention here is basic from my encounter and what photos that I captured. Not all the UFOs are living things in the sky. ET’s mechanic’s craft do exist but only in small numbers. Many triangle, boomerang , tube, rectangle or disk shaped UFOs have living characteristics. I only call larger size of sky life are monster or beast, I think they are not playing UFO role on our sky and they are taking 17% of my visitors in my 6 years encounters. 70% my visitor’s size are less than two meters, some as small as two centre metres. they may playing major part of UFOs . also there are many tiny living thing in space, their size is about one-two millimetres or less . I have no information about whether they play role with UFO. I can not understand, if they were living in the universe first, but as they are made of different materials then how have those species evolved to living on our planet?

Ufology is not a simple subject

Ufology is not a simple subject; It takes me 6 years to obtained the large number of evidences and discovered: the real UFOs are all kind of lifes which including many non carbon based . very rare are alien mechanic but large number are bio-crafts, they have same abilities . Be clear: alien are not ET; apparitions, fairies，superstition are the names that we gave to them. Without contacted, I am not surprise you will just have very simple conclusion.

Alien’s mechanic & bio crafts have same abilities

(this sighting reported to MUFON, Case Number: 32261 )
Filter(glowing edges) has been applied to original frame

On the night of 17 Oct 2005, my video(15 frames) showed a flexible capsule shape UFO shoot a large light beam downward to alighted a team 8(?)of small visitors on my roof( see the attached picture). This peculiar beam light does not looked like the ordinary parallel laser beam. It’s diameter from large to small (the large side is on the UFO), could this light beam more concentrated than other?

The light beam discharge form Sphere or other shape of biological UFO, it has same capability with the light beam which from the flying saucer. They could be visible or invisible. These conclusions are basing on those pictures that I taken from year 2005 and 2007’s encounters. I did not feel any heat from those beam lights. The Light beam from UFO could be An illuminator for alien‘s search and indicator light; Anti-gravitation for Levitate objects; Warning sign to those ufos whom landing on the earth illegally; An weapon for several types of simple form’s space life.

Fifth time, I tried to contact the media

I went to see my mom, as I haven’t seen her for a few years. I tried to contact the local media to expose my alien encounter story. Will they come for it? I don’t know. I just tried my best. Also I had a chance to meet a biologist from America. She was my moms friends sister, who is working at an university in the states. I showed her some of my alien pictures. She asked what those species were; I told her that the pictures were captured from the sky and that they might be aliens. After she heard it, she was shocked and said that her profession was not at all related to UFOs and then quickly went back to sit down to avoid the subject. This is the fourth time that I approached a professional expert.

1976 Tehran UFO incident

                                  

reference article: http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2010/05/gas-giant-life.html     http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2011/06/sphere-ufo.html

1976 Tehran UFO incident is considered as an example of “alien mechanic craft” for some UFO researchers. “The incident is particularly notable for the electromagnetic interference effects observed upon aircraft”, but this kind of effect can also be created by the alien’s biologic UFO too ( UFO form by few energy beings), which could include shooting out an light beam. without knowing what the UFO may be, the definition and conclusion will be too far from the truth.

If I am the fighter’s pilot, I would not chase any UFO larger than the size of a basketball.

Sphere UFO

  

              

reference article :  https://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2025/12/the-undiscovered-intelligent-life.html

Sphere UFOs are one of the basic, common types of UFO that are seen by many people. Studying this subject lets us more easily understand all the different shapes of UFO and to understand UFOlogy. 

 Sphere UFOs in the sky could be the natural life forms of the many non earth physical species( energy being?) who are living in the sky. It hides inside the "ball shaped energy field". Most of them are “simple forms” of alien life. they are living on top of our atmosphere and are not from the multi –dimension. inside the sphere, there may be just one critter; some sphere could be form by numerous critters. “simple form life” have a population of hundreds of billions in our space. They are also like other space life as they have their body energy, rapid movement, and a grouping habit. So when huge numbers of these little ones gather together, their body energy will produce an incredible magnetic or static electric effect. Sphere UFOs are hovering in the sky all the time. sometimes they fly low out of curiosity. Very tiny numbers of them may be alien mechanic crafts ; also I believe some are made by “advanced intelligent created living technology”. Only when you got a very clear evidence then you can identified them. 

 Sphere UFOs have many abilities, they can release orbs(Spheres), haze( trail), chemtrails, interaction, energy , or even shoot out light beams or lightning. This is their natural ability, except those that are the advanced and intelligent alien’s products. Spheres like to act single or group. The group of spheres could appear in any numbers. For example: phoenix lights. Some of my sphere ufo pictures which form by more than 100 spheres. Some triangle, boomerang, Dome or tube shape UFO actually form by group of spheres.  

Many kind of energy life whom live on our planet were here much earlier than the physical life and they still live in our space. So space’s environment is part of the result of their participation. Without them, the earth’s atmosphere could be completely different. And the earth would be just like mercury - only with rocks. To learn about our earth’s natural phenomenon: Such as the causes of hurricanes, rain , lightning etc. we should study the behavior and character of those energy life in our sky; the same as we study the earth’s environment then we must study the effect from human’s activity. Many scientist study Sphere UFOs for years, I hope they can get more than endless numbers of data, records and analysis. 

 reference article: http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2007/11/simple-life-form-aliens.html http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2007/11/our-wonderful-planet.html http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2010/05/gas-giant-life.html http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2008/02/do-we-hurt-another.html

Boomerang formed by dome shaped UFOs

(this sighting reported to MUFON)

Today 12:34PM I captured three continued pictures of Beige color boomerang UFO. This is the fourth time it came for visiting. The first picture shows it in perfect boomerang’s shape. The second picture shows it became a bit like the triangle shape, it formed by 10 dome shape UFO objects. At afternoon 1:52PM, one of the Beige color dome shape UFO even hang above my garden’s sky as high as my roof’s top. That is not the first time they dived down to meet me. But it does not show what the species is inside it. It seems they know me well, but I still do not know much about them.
More photos about Beige color boomerang UFO: http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2009/12/boomerang-ufo-pictures.html

Sphere UFOs released small orbs & magnetic

They came for my attention (this sighting reported to MUFON) 

On the 9th of Aug 2005, evening 5:45 pm. A group of 5 spinning & shuffling UFO light balls( closed together) released 2(?) small orbs on top of my roof. I stood right under light balls and took 5 pictures for them. between those 5 pictures my camera was twice affected by a strong electro-magnetic field. it made the screen of camera viewfinder turning black (I also heard the “pop” sound from the camera). I have had to wait for few seconds for the viewfinder to work again, then I can look thorough the viewfinder. the object suddenly turned into a colorful electro- fog and disappeared. 

 After this happening I start taking photos at the night time. Now I understand they came for my attention.

what is this rainbow color light?

(this sighting reported to MUFON)

this light looks come behind the cloud,camera shutter speed of 1/1000 of a second.

my Comment for: Praying Mantis alien - Armor (on ufo casebook forum)

related article: my Comment for: Praying Mantis alien - Armor (2)

Praying Mantis alien may exist. I have encounter with grasshopper-robot alien: " This is a grasshopper-robot alien picture, which is from the20th august 2005. There is one group of them, a Captain, 2 knights, 2 robots, 2 big standing birds and some unknown creature-all in 8 pictures........." this picture sent to two well known Austrialian Ufologists and an American famous abductee.
this article posted here: http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2007/10/team-of-martians.html http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2007/10/grasshopper-robot.html
in my grasshopper-robot alien picture, the grasshopper-robot look exactly like the insect on the earth (not the people look), but they do not use their wing to fly. they are fat and short compare to another alien. " Their feet are big and the feet face forward like a human’s, not backward like a real grasshopper."

Probably the” exactly like “ is not appropriate word to describe the alien robot grasshopper and the earth grasshopper. Compared to their body scale the robot only has two-third of the real grasshopper’s length. According to the earth grasshopper they have a prolong wing so the body figure looks elegant and long. The robot grasshopper does not have a prolong body. His bottom looks like flat shaped. Also the picture only showed it has large legs and two front limbs as its back faced to me, I am not sure there is another limbs. . I did not use camera flash to capture the image. So their body has emitted kind of glow. The photo only show it’s glowing spot on its back, I cannot distinguish it has wing or armor.

Link: http://ufocasebook.conforums.com/index.cgi?board=aliens&action=display&num=1297982969&start=0

Are they similar objects?

The photo of 7 UFO light balls arranged in line formation that I posted on my blog in September 27, 2010. It looks similar to the picture of The Nash-Fortenberry UFO Encounter. these formation of UFO objects could be just kind of space lifes. they visited me often. 

The Nash-Fortenberry UFO Encounter’s story and pictures links: http://naturalplane.blogspot.com/2011/02/nash-fortenberry-ufo-encounter.html http://www.history.com/shows/ufo-hunters/videos/nash-fortenberry-incident#nash-fortenberry-incident

                

Comment for: UFO in TURKEY

To study ufo images, you need many similar ufo photos to back up your idea. You also need to confirm what species are inside the disk shapes ufo. in other word, you need to identify those species first. Do any experts have such information? I do not think so. Then how can they make a conclusion? They only study ufo logically, they usually avoid mentioning those images from the sky. This is not an alien mechanic craft. These kind of shaped UFO are formed by a few energy type of space lifes. ( new edit : it is alien's biological energy craft )

 reference article: http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2007/09/shape-of-ufo.html

7 UFO light balls arranged in line formation

(this sighting reported to MUFON)
These two pictures showed 7 invisible UFO light balls arranged in a straight line formation. One was captured on year 2007, with a shutter speed of 1/800 of a second. one on 27 Sept 2010 with a shutter speed of 1/1000 of a second. Looks like those UFO light balls are not less than 30 cm in diameter.

What do they look like?

                  Photo from internet : simple form life came out from ufo light ball

Some reader ask me what the space life look like? and they want me to display their photos for all sort of reasons: religion, curiosity, or evidence of alien visitation…... I would describe them as such: their insects have different type of limbs , fish with no fins and some of their birds with no wing……., basically they look much more simple than what is shown in “ Stephen Hawking's Universe: Aliens” video. except the alien humanoids, their figure looks almost like us. Now, I am sure you can figure out what they look like.
Also I have had many stories to explain their appearance in my blog, Such as: “Two big birds”, “it’s absolutely not a scout ship”, “Alien and mythology(2)”, “Moth man or alien bat ?” , “Gas Giant Life”…… etc.

Are some living Machine?

In year 2007 some scientists already thought some of the living things that I mentioned maybe the product of “advanced intellegent created living technology”. here are what they said:
“ I see you have posted more images of your UFOs, strange thing about your theorythat some UFOs are living things. I guess they could be somewhat like an organismthat lives in the deep dark depths of the ocean………”
“xxx’s photographs are all of endlessly different things as if they are like independent organisms.”
“There is nothing that says an advanced intellegent species cant have created a living technology. Perhaps, some of the craft that visit the Earth are examples of such technology. Living vessels”
“ I agree that advanced intelligent species could have created a living technology”

I believe some of the shaped ufo pictures that posted on my blog are this kind of “living machines”
reference article: Alien hunters 'should look for artificial intelligence' http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11041449

orange light ball and rectangle UFO

(this sighting reported to MUFON)
this picture was captured yesterday 27 July 2010 1:58:27 PM, camera shutter speed 1/1002 second. It shows one or two orange color light ball pop out from the rectangle UFO.

Alien’s Projected Image

click image for large picture

(this sighting reported to MUFON)

Here is the extract from the book ‘Alien base’ written by Timothy Good, chapter “Madame x and the handsome humanoid” (Page 509). Which described the alien’s Projected image vividly:

“The first four inspected the courtyard. ‘Here it’s fine,” they announced’. ‘we are going to make a projection for you.’ Curiously, although a thick fog had developed, and it was chilly in Sospel at that time of year, Mme X did not feel cold. Now joined by three other quasi-humans, holding black spheres in their hands, she and the others watched ad predominantly sepia-coloured images, about three metres high, were projected on to the fog without any visible beam of light emitting from the spheres. The film, which run from the prehistory to the Second World War, retraced our wars, sometimes stopping at individual ‘frames’.”

In the year 2007 I captured many images of some kind ( probably the aliens used the similar method to introduce themselves ). they are large images formed by the invisible fog (or mist); and of course, there are always some spheres or light beam near the project images. Most of the images are familiar by people: they are figures of Lizards, Reptiles, Dragons…etc. But some of them are difficult to understand, they are a kind of graphic shape( See the attached pictures). Until today I still don’t know which alien done all those projection and what are the implications of those graphic images. Each those images only exist for a couple of seconds then disappear or another shape appears. I believe the aliens are intend to use this kind of projection to communicate with us.

star

Some frames of pictures in this video are alien’s project image too: http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2009/05/exotic-mist.html

the blue color triangle ufo and it's passengers

(this sighting reported to MUFON)
the top photo was from two continuous pictures which taken 4 March 2010 2:39 PM from my back yard, the first photo showed the blue color triangle ufo and it's passengers, the next picture showed three light balls pop out side by side , the blue triangle shape was disappeared.

related article: http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2008/11/mystery-of-triangle-ufo.html

Alien comes out of UFO (2)

(this sighting reported to MUFON) I captured two photos of the simple form ‘critter’ recently. One on 5 March 2010 3 PM , another on 9 March 2010 3:17 pm. The last one was from two continuous pictures, the first photo shows a ufo in complex blurry shape, hanging above my roof ( seen the attached picture). The second photo shows a golden color dome shape object with a large black eye. half of It’s body still hiding inside the pink cloak. Due to inconvenience, I cannot send it to you. That is the third times I captured the same kind image.

 related article: http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2009/12/alien-comes-out-of-ufo.html

Ask Dr Bruce Maccabee about UFO phenomenon (2)

this article selected from here: http://www.unexplained-mysteries.com/forum/index.php?s=d366a38496854942667847a2d30418a9&showtopic=173421&st=30

related article:https://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2010/02/ask-dr-bruce-maccabee-about-ufo.html 

Hi, Dr Maccabee
Here is a reply from a scientist referring to the photo which I sent him. that photo showed a very clear image of an object more than 2 meters tall appearing on the top of roof. it was only 10 meters from where I stood. I am sure that this object does not belong to our earth.

“I can see why you are worried. That is the most amazing photo of something unusual that I have ever seen, especially the way it was looking right at you. I cannot identify it, though I don't believe that there is anything to concern yourself with as these things just seem to visit & look at us & then depart back to wherever they dwell.”

I welcome MUFON for an investigation. I invited you come to see my photos too. they are related to the unsolved mystery of most UFOs. it is much more meaningful than just nuts & bolts.

Ask Dr Bruce Maccabee about UFO phenomenon

this photo sent to Dr. Maccabee on  May 09, 2007 

related article:

http://www.unexplained-mysteries.com/forum/index.php?s=53c276fbfdcc3de97059002ea5852e63&showtopic=173421&st=30
http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2010/02/ask-dr-bruce-maccabee-about-ufo_19.html

Hi, Dr Maccabee

In the year 2005, after I captured a video from the airport that showed two big invisible UFO objects I started to have an interest to taking these kinds of photos. later on, I took a few pictures of visible ufo light balls that appeared on top of my roof. then I also found some pictures that I captured above my house on another day & night which showed many invisible colorful objects. they are the popular shaped ufos and many even had a face, eyes and body. I still capture them sometime today. Recently I made 10 claims to MUFON, all under case 18817 file (long term visitation). they are posted (with pictures) on my blog: http://ufo-spacelife...t-to-mufon.html/ http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/they are a black triangle, boomerang, saucer…..etc, most of them are invisible. I contacted you with some of those pictures in year 2005 and 2007. May be you can’t remember me. I live in New Zealand. Because recently a researcher, after seeing many of my ufo and no physical life’s pictures, he asked me: why do you call them ETs. I said they have eyes and face, and that they do not belong to this world. So he ask: why do you say those are eyes and faces? That is why I ask you the question: how do i define that the pictures that i captured from the sky are extra-terrestrials?

Dr Bruce Maccabee's reply:
You have to be careful with interpreting variations in brightness in the image of a light source such as a "flash orb" or distance lights slightly out of focus or moving.This isespecially problematical if the images or objects are invisible! Diffraction and lens aberrations can create brightness variations which, when magnified greatly,can appear to be "faces' but actually they are random variations. They become a Rohrshak test (ink blot test) for the observer.I don't know how you prove that the pictures are of extra-terrestrials, especially if they could be images distorted by diffraction and aberrations.

My response:
Thank you very much for your advice, I will very careful to study those photos. Indeed I have no proof that pictures are of extra-terrestrials, because I do not know where they from, maybe they are not from another planet, Im only sure they are non physical life.

picture of multiple colorful UFOs side by side

(this sighting reported to MUFON)
This picture was captured 20 Jan 2010, 2:42:55 PM before the rain came. Looks like a group of invisible UFOs in side by side formation hovering in front of my garden’s sky. As the photo was taken in poor lighting conditions, it is hard to identify them. But it is similar to the picture that I captured above my roof on 6 Mar 2006 day time, which shows four different colors objects, they all have heads and bodies.

About the UFO photos (2)

related article: http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2007/09/shape-of-ufo.html

My article “about the UFO photos” which I posted on April 25 2008 revealed that there are three types of ufo pictures:

 blurry shapes of energy, Semi-detailed and Exposed. If you cautiously analyze the pictures & videos that taken by people, you will find that most of them are first type, the shapes of energy emitted by the UFO , including some are that are effects ( absorb & reflection) from the surrounding environment , so the object covered by their blurring or glowing energy field, does not show any of its details. 

I studied many ufo photos from the web. few belong to the Semi-detailed type, even fewer are the Exposed type. To reading the Exposed photos are very simple, they usually has many feature, even you know they are not belong to our earth. But recognising that these first two kinds of photos are not easy, that is why they have been ignored or explained wrongly. The key is that you must learn what kind of unearthly objects usually appear in our sky. most real UFOs are astral species and there are so many different kind of them. therefore you need to know what those living things look like. also you should learn a bit about their behavior too. to study a UFO objects you need lot data in hand. I cannot understand how the people doing research without any these kind of information and this is what happened in last 60 years. 

 For example, the attached image, was captured on the 23 Nov 2007, the invisible object’s size as big as the small table top. as it does not show much detail, it only fits into the first kind of UFO picture. Additionally, to verdict what is the object approximately is, we must compare it with information we have. This information must be the image of the alien( for this present time): the exposed type photos, you only can get it when the Alien comes out of UFO. 

 star

Saucer shaped UFO picture

(this sighting reported to MUFON) This picture was cropped from the original photo which was taken 20 Nov 2009 1:27:34PM in the sky right above my garden. the Saucer shaped UFO looks like it is just heading back into ( or out from) the cloud. The top of the UFO is grey colored and the bottom part is brown with a transparent looked. Maybe the same type of UFO as the UFO Istanbul / Kumburgaz Turkey (2008) ? 

 related article: http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2008/12/alien-flying-saucer.html

Alien comes out of UFO

related article:https://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2010/03/pictures-of-two-simple-form-critter.html

(this sighting reported to MUFON) The attached image was captured on 2:35:03 PM of 27 Nov 2008, from one of two continuous pictures. It appeared in the sky right above my front garden. When you look at this picture, it is just like an ordinary UFO. You can’t see much detail and there is not much excitement - only a purple colored light ball and a few yellow bubbles on the back. But the next picture, one second later, shows this object diving down at an angle of 30 degrees; then positioning itself above the big tree that is opposite my house. It’s appearance turns out to be completely different from before. A large dome shaped head with two big dark blue eyes. The large tail of propulsion energy comes from its rear like a fan, right at 70 degrees up from the horizontal. The whole body was glowing white, yellow, purple in color. it looked like a beautiful golden fish swimming in space. But it is not related to fish. This is one of many types of simple life form. This episode is documentation for such phenomena : a ufo hovering in the sky. Then something inside of it may pop out from the light ball or plasma field, ( people usually call them: UFO) to exposed itself for some reason, which I can identify. I had a few similar incidents these past years, but only recently was I awoken by this experience to understand why many people can capture photos of UFO but not aliens. Do you know why? 

 star 

 

Unusual encounter (2)

(this sighting reported to MUFON)

In the “Unusual encounter” document , I already told my story of meeting various types and large numbers of space life. From my experience in the last four years such encounters concluded to two kind of visitations: the loose and the organized. The loose type are by individuals. Those could be just passing the place where I live or it may come for repeat visits alone. So they don’t have be related to each other, and it happens once a while. those that are visiting are small in numbers, are also very hard to detected. Such visitation taking 20% of the total encounters. The organized visitation are very spectacular and complicated. They usually come on certain of night time with large numbers of different species and for a longer period of time in a season. The year 2005 encounter’s times happened from August to October. 

2007 from April to September. One extraordinary phenomena is that similar sorts of space life come during the same period. In some high alert circumstances something may accompany them, such as various sizes of light beams, ball shaped, disk or rectangle light objects will appear too. In addition the organized visitations will come with some kind of wake up or warning sigh for one night before they come. This visitation taking 80% of total encounters. both loose and the organized refer to the identified objects which does not include any UFO sightings. 

 This attached picture is one of six warning signs. They were taken on 22 April 2007, one day before the year 2007 encounter started. In the picture you can see this wonderful ( high tech? ) light beam making a sharp bend. Reference article: http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2007/10/unusual-encounter.html

star

cylinder object

I captured this image of an invisible unknown cylinder object yesterday. click the image for large picture.

( new adding on 26 Sept 2021 ): this is the most controversial object that i pictured from my house, until now I am sured this is a dome shape ufo raising from my garden, as I also captured several other different shapes of ufos raising from my garden: http://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2013/09/ufo-rising-from-my-back-yard.html )

sighting report to MUFON

I have had contact with a few ufo researchers and they have seen my alien photos. So now I finally make a claim to MUFON. I fill a “MUFON Sighting Report” form for my encounters story. Will they come for investigation? Here is the link to my claim. http://mufoncms.com/cgi-bin/manage_sighting_reports.pl?mode=view_long_desc&id=18817&rnd=460911250994967

New additions: I totally made more than 10 claims to MUFON on those years, but they didn’t come for investigation. Here is their  reply: 

I have contacted the National Director in New Zealand and alerted him to your case. The problem is that you supplied very little data to MUFON which generally does not cause MUFON to jump right on a case. MUFON receives hundreds of cases similar to yours and without more information there is little to do.

Since we are all volunteers and pay our own expenses the likelihood of an investigator paying you a visit is small unless he or she lives near you.

If you have more info such as the pictures you mentioned DO NOT FILE ANOTHER REPORT. Instead send your images to me at terry@mufontx.org and I'll add them to your case file as long as they are related to the current case.

Thanks
Terry Groff
Deputy Director of Investigations
MUFON International

August 23, 2009 at 9:22 AM

How to identify Alien crafts

related article: https://ufo-spacelife.blogspot.com/2020/05/ufos-are-real.html

As there is no reliable information for the last 60 years, people only can study ufo according to their shape, speed and behaviour. The result is inaccuracy and enigma. It just like how recently many UFO research organizations disclosed information which said: No final conclusion for those aerial phenomenon. 

But if you know what could flying In the sky and they are not from our world, then our standards for evidence must be very strict and precise. For example, you can’t call them mother ship or alien craft by their looks, you almost need to confirmed it has a real door or see an entity walk through the door or perhaps you need knock on the disk object to make sure it has solid body. 

I would like to tell you : Most Famous UFO Sightings in History are not the Alien’s mechanic craft. because so many space life they could fly exactly like the alien's crafts

 

Star

exotic mist

Some mists are types of exotic ufo objects, as they are invisible, appearing for only a few seconds. They are not cold air, moisture or smoke……. Sometimes they are even accompanied by strange creature looking objects. here is the my video of exotic mist: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AioA4dMtr1w